Single microtubules extend into the cytoplasm from the tips of the cytoproct ridge. These are thought to come to lie along the surface of the approaching DV-IV and to pull the ridge down against the D...

V. convallaria preserved in collidine buffered fixative (not cacodylate) has a less dense cytoplasm in which oranelles are easier to recognize. The rough ER has vesiculated but this vesiculation enhan...

The acidosome-like vesicle has at least 2 enclosing membranes or one membrane indented back on itself and an internal electron-opaque tongue-like droplet that is continuous with the enclosing membrane...

This micrograph shows that the discoidal vesicles meet the cytopharyngeal membrane edge-on where they fuse. Besides the ribbon of 12 microtubules abutting the membrane there is a second small ribbon o...

A mAb, B25-1-3, was raised to antigen Q2 (arbitrary code) to the same set of membranes as mAb 132-F4-G6 labels. This mAb was more reactive on frozen sections. To tell the age of vacuoles, cells were e...

Monoclonal antibody, E30-2-1, was raised to antigen D6 that specifically labels acidosomes and DV-II. There was no label on the nascent vacuole membrane or ciliary membranes. This cell had been incuba...

Higher magnification of acidosomes docked at the nascent digestive vacuole membrane. The E-fracture face is relatively IMP free while the P-fracture face has many large IMPs as well as some sizable pi...

Quick-freeze deep-etch of acidosomes show the results of carrier vesicle fusion with the acidosomes. Both the E-face and P-face of the acidosomes appear to have two areas, the larger area on the E-fac...

The cytoproct is the cell’s defecation site where spent digestive vacuoles fuse with the plasma membrane. In this cell the cytoproct is closed and forms a ridge along the posterior suture on the ven...

Immunogold label specific for Q2 antigen on discoidal vesicles. The same mAb used in CIL:36721 heavily labels discoidal vesicles and less heavily the cytopharyngeal membrane. A few gold particles are ...