Starved wild-type Dictyostelium cells migrate toward the cathode (left). A direct-current electric field of 10 Vpcm was applied and the cells were observed for 20 min at 5-sec intervals. (Scale bar, ...

Starved cells of a chemotaxis-deficient mutant of Dictyostelium, KI-8 (lacking guanylyl cyclase activity) migrate toward the anode (right) with a slower migration velocity than that of wild-type cells...

Starved Dictyostelium cells lacking cGMP-binding protein C (gbpC-; no guanylyl cyclase activity) and in medium supplemented with 60 µM LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) and 1µM cAMP migrate toward the ano...

Starved Dictyostelium cells lacking both guanylyl cyclases (GCase A and GCase), but expressing GCase with an inactivated catalytic domain (sGCΔCat) and in medium supplemented with 60 µM LY294002 (a ...